Periodic Table

⏺. Periodic table is the tabular representation of chemical elements.
⏺. The periodic table was introduced by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869.
⏺. At present there're 118 found and they are presented in the periodic table as follows.

⏺. By studying the periodic table we can identify following properties such as atomic number, mass number,
electronic configuration, electronegetivity, first ionization energy etc... of the chemical elemnts clearly.

Atomic Number (Z)

⏺. Atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
⏺. The standard symbol used to represent atomic number is Z.

Mass Number (A)

⏺. Mass Number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.
⏺. The standard symbol used to represent mass number is A.

Electronic Configuration

⏺. Electronic Configuration of an atom is how the electrons of an atom is located around the nucleus.

Melting Point

⏺. Melting Point of an element is the temperature at which it converts into liquid state from solid state.

Boiling Point

⏺. Boiling Point of an element is the temperature at which it converts into gaseous state from liquid state.

Electronegativity

⏺. Electronegativity is the ability of an element to attract the electrones of a bond toward itself when it is bonded to an atom of another element.
⏺. As per the Pauling scale, fluorine is the element with highest electronegativity.

First Ionization Energy

⏺. First ionization energy of an element is the minimum energy that should be supplied to an atom in the gaseous state to remove an electron to form a unipositive gaseous ion.

⏺. The elements of periodic table are listed in the following table.

Element Number	Element	Symbol	No. of Protons	No. of Neutrons	No. of electrones	Atomic Number(Z)	Mass Number(A)	Electronic Configuration	Melting Point	Boiling Point	Discovered By
001	Hydrogen	H	1	0	1	1	1	1	−259.16°C	−252.879°C	Henry Cavendish
002	Helium	He	2	2	2	2	4	2	-272.2°C	-268.928°C	William Ramsay Norman Lockyer Pierre Janssen Per Teodor Cleve
003	Lithium	Li	3	4	3	3	7	2,1	180.5°C	2061°C	Johann Artvedson
004	Berylium	Be	4	5	4	4	9	2,2	1287°C	2468°C	Nicholas Louis Vauquelin
005	Boron	B	5	6	5	5	11	2,3	2349K	4200K	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
006	Carbon	C	6	6	6	6	12	2,4	3825°C	3825°C	Lavoisier
007	Nitrogen	N	7	7	7	7	14	2,5	-210.0°C	-195.795°C	Daniel Rutherford
008	Oxygen	O	8	8	8	8	16	2,6	-219°C	-183°C	Joseph Priestly
009	Fluorine	F	9	10	9	9	19	2,7	-219.67°C	-188,11°C	Henri Moissan
010	Neon	Ne	10	10	10	10	20	2,8	-248.59°C	-246.046°C	William Ramsay Morris Travers
011	Sodium	Na	11	12	11	11	23	2,8,1	97.794°C	882.940°C	Humphry Davy
012	Magnesium	Mg	12	12	12	12	24	2,8,2	650°C	1090°C	Joseph Black
013	Aluminium	Al	13	14	13	13	27	2,8,3	660.323°C	2519°C	Hans Christian Oersted
014	Silicon	Si	14	14	14	14	28	2,8,4	1414°C	3265°C	Jons Jacob Berzelius
015	Phosphorus	P	15	16	15	15	31	2,8,5	44.15°C	280.5°C	Hennig Brandt
016	Sulphur	S	16	16	16	16	32	2,8,6	97.794°C	882.840°C	-
017	Chlorine	Cl	17	18	17	17	35	2,8,7	-101.5°C	-34.04°C	Carl Wilhelm Scheele
018	Argon	Ar	18	22	18	18	40	2,8,8	-184.4°C	-185.8°C	Sir Ramsay
019	Potassium	K	19	20	19	19	39	2,8,8,1	63.5°C	759°C	Humphry Davy
020	Calcium	Ca	20	20	20	20	40	2,8,8,2	842°C	1484°C	Humphry Davy

Load more (21-40)

021	Scandium	Sc	21	24	21	21	45	2,8,9,2	1541°C	2836°C	Lars Frederik Nilson
022	Titanium	Ti	22	26	22	22	48	2,8,10,2	1668°C	3287°C	William Gregor
023	Vanadium	V	23	28	23	23	51	2,8,11,2	1910°C	3407°C	Nils Sefstrom
024	Chromium	Cr	24	28	24	24	52	2,8,13,1	1907°C	2972°C	Vaughlin
025	Manganese	Mn	25	30	25	25	55	2,8,13,2	1246°C	2061°C	Johan Gottlieb Gahn
026	Iron	Fe	26	30	26	26	56	2,8,14,2	1536°C	2861°C	The Ancients
027	Cobalt	Co	27	32	27	27	59	2,8,15,2	1495°C	2927°C	Georg Brandt
028	Nickel	Ni	28	30	28	28	58	2,8,16,2	1455°C	2913°C	Fredrik Cronstedt
029	Copper	Cu	29	34	29	29	63	2,8,18,1	1084.62°C	2560°C	-
030	Zinc	Zn	30	35	30	30	65	2,8,18,2	419.527°C	907°C	Andreas Marggraf
031	Gallium	Ga	31	38	31	31	69	2,8,18,3	29.8°C	2204°C	Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
032	Germanium	Ge	32	42	32	32	74	2,8,18,4	938.25°C	2833°C	Clemens Winkler
033	Arsenic	As	33	42	33	33	75	2,8,18,5	616°C	616°C	Albertus Magnus
034	Selenium	Se	34	45	34	34	79	2,8,18,6	494K	958K	Jons Jacob Berzelius
035	Bromine	Br	35	45	35	35	80	2,8,18,7	-7.2°C	58.8°C	Johan Gottlieb Gahn
036	Krypton	Kr	36	48	36	36	84	2,8,18,8	-157.37°C	-153.415°C	Willium Ramsay Morris Travers
037	Rubidium	Rb	37	48	37	37	85	2,8,18,8,1	39.30°C	688°C	Gustav Kirchhoff Robert Bunsen
038	Strontium	Sr	38	50	38	38	88	2,8,18,8,2	777°C	1377°C	Adair Crawford
039	Yttrium	Y	39	50	39	39	89	2,8,18,9,2	1522°C	3345°C	Johan Gadolin
040	Zirconium	Zr	40	50	40	40	90	2,8,18,10,2	1854°C	4406°C	Martin Klaproth

Load more (41-60)

041	Niobium	Nb	41	52	41	41	93	2,8,18,12,1	2410°C	5100°C	Charles Hatchett
042	Molybdenom	Mo	42	54	42	42	96	2,8,18,13,1	2622°C	4639°C	Peter Jacob Hjelm
043	Technetium	Tc	43	55	43	43	98	2,8,18,13,2	2157°C	4262°C	Carlo Perrier Emilio Segre
044	Ruthernium	Ru	44	57	44	44	101	2,8,18,15,1	2250°C	4150°C	Karl Klaus
045	Rhodium	Rh	45	58	45	45	103	2,8,18,16,1	1963°C	3695°C	Willium Wollaston
046	Palladium	Pd	46	48	46	46	94	2,8,18,18	1554°C	2963°C	Willium Hyd Wollaston
047	Silver	Ag	47	61	47	47	108	2,8,18,18,1	961.78°C	2162°C	Believed to be discovered in 3000BC
048	Cadmium	Cd	48	64	48	48	112	2,8,18,18,2	321.069°C	767°C	Friedrich Stromeyer
049	Indium	In	49	70	49	49	119	2,8,18,18,3	156.60°C	2027°C	Ferdinand Reich
050	Tin	Sn	50	69	50	50	119	2,8,18,18,4	231.928°C	2586°C	Approx
051	Antimony	Sb	51	71	51	51	122	2,8,18,18,5	630.628°C	1587°C	Approx
052	Tellurium	Te	52	76	52	52	128	2,8,18,18,6	450°C	1390°C	Franz Muller von Reichenstein
053	Iodine	I	53	78	53	53	131	2,8,18,18,7	113.7°C	184.4°C	Bernard Courtois
054	Xenon	Xe	54	54	54	54	108	2,8,18,18,8	-111.75°C	-108.099°C	William Ramsey
055	Cesium	Cs	55	78	55	55	133	2,8,18,18,8,1	28.5°C	671°C	Gustav Kirchhoff Robert Bunsen
056	Barium	Ba	56	81	56	56	137	2,8,18,18,8,2	727°C	1845°C	Humphry Davy
057	Lanthanum	La	57	82	57	57	139	2,8,18,18,9,2	920°C	3464°C	Carl Gustav Mosander
058	Cerium	Ce	58	80	58	58	138	2,8,18,19,9,2	799°C	3443°C	Jons Jacob Berzelius Wilhelm Hisinger
059	Praseodymium	Pr	59	82	59	59	141	2,8,18,21,8,2	931°C	3520°C	Carl Auer von Welsbach
060	Noedymium	Nd	60	84	60	60	144	2,8,18,22,8,2	1016°C	3074°C	Carl Auer von Welsbach

Load more (61-80)

061	Promethium	Pm	61	84	61	61	145	2,8,18,23,8,2	1042°C	3000°C	Mariinsky
062	Samarium	Sm	62	88	62	62	150	2,8,18,24,8,2	1072°C	1794°C	Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
063	Europium	Eu	63	90	63	63	153	2,8,18,25,8,2	822°C	1529°C	Eugene-Anatole Demarcay
064	Gadolinium	Gd	64	94	64	64	158	2,8,18,25,9,2	1313°C	3273°C	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
065	Terbium	Tb	65	94	65	65	159	2,8,18,27,8,2	1359°C	3230°C	Carl Gustav Mosander
066	Dysprosium	Dy	66	98	66	66	164	2,8,18,28,8,2	1412°C	2567°C	Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
067	Holmium	Ho	67	98	67	67	165	2,8,18,29,8,2	1472°C	2700°C	Per Teodor Cleve Marc Delafontaine Jacques-Louis Soret
068	Erbium	Er	68	99	68	68	167	2,8,18,30,8,2	1522°C	2867°C	Carl Gustaf Mosander
069	Thulium	Tm	69	100	69	69	169	2,8,18,31,8,2	1545°C	1950°C	Per Theodor Cleve
070	Ytterbium	Yb	70	104	70	70	174	2,8,18,32,8,2	824°C	1196°C	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
071	Lutetium	Lu	71	104	71	71	175	2,8,18,32,9,2	1663°C	3402°C	George Urbain
072	Hafnium	Hf	72	108	72	72	180	2,8,18,32,10,2	2233°C	4600°C	George Charles de Hevesy Dirk Coster
073	Tantalum	Ta	73	108	73	73	181	2,8,18,32,11,2	3017°C	5455°C	Andres Gustav Ekeberg
074	Tungsten	W	74	109	74	74	183	2,8,18,32,12,2	3414°C	5555°C	Fausto Jose de Elhuyar
075	Rhenium	Re	75	111	75	75	186	2,8,18,32,13,2	3185°C	5590°C	Walter Noddak Ida Tacke Otto Berg
076	Osmium	Os	76	116	76	76	192	2,8,18,32,14,2	3045°C	5027°C	Smithson Tennant
077	Iridium	Ir	77	115	77	77	192	2,8,18,32,15,2	2446°C	4428°C	Ghiorso
078	Platinum	Pt	78	117	78	78	195	2,8,18,32,17,1	1768°C	3825°C	Julius Scalinger
079	Gold	Au	79	118	79	79	197	2,8,18,32,18,1	1064°C	2836°C	-
080	Mercury	Hg	80	121	80	80	201	2,8,18,32,18,2	-38.9°C	356.6°C	Ancients

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081	Thallium	Ti	81	123	81	81	204	2,8,18,32,18,3	304°C	1473°C	Sir William Crookes
082	Lead	Pb	82	126	82	82	208	2,8,18,32,18,4	327.62°C	1749°C	In the middle east
083	Bismuth	Bi	83	126	83	83	209	2,8,18,32,18,5	271.406°C	1564°C	Claude Geoffroy
084	Polonium	Po	84	126	84	84	210	2,8,18,32,18,6	254°C	962°C	Pierre Marie Curie
085	Astatine	At	85	126	85	85	211	2,8,18,32,18,7	300°C	350°C	Dale R.Corson Kenneth Ross Mackenzie Emilio Segre
086	Radon	Rn	86	136	86	86	222	2,8,18,32,18,8	-71°C	-61.7°C	Friedrich Ernst Dorn
087	Francium	Fr	87	136	87	87	223	2,8,18,32,18,8,1	21°C	650°C	Marguerite Perey
088	Radium	Ra	88	138	88	88	226	2,8,18,32,18,8,2	696°C	1500°C	Marie Sklodowska Curie Pierre Curie
089	Actinium	Ac	89	139	89	89	228	2,8,18,32,18,9,2	1050°C	3200°C	Andre Debierne
090	Thorium	Th	90	142	90	90	230	2,8,18,32,18,10,2	1750°C	4785°C	Jons Jacob Berzelius
091	Protactinium	Pa	91	140	91	91	231	2,8,18,32,20,9,2	1572°C	4000°C	K.Kajans O.H.Gohring
092	Uranium	U	92	146	92	92	238	2,8,19,32,21,9,2	1135°C	4131°C	Martin Heinrich Klaproth
093	Neptunium	Np	93	144	93	93	237	2,8,18,32,22,9,2	644°C	3902°C	Edwin McMillan Apillip Abelson
094	Plutonium	Pu	94	145	94	94	239	2,8,18,32,24,8,2	640°C	3228°C	G.T.Seaborg
095	Americium	Am	95	148	95	95	243	2,8,18,32,25,8,2	1176°C	2011°C	Glenn Seaborg
096	Curium	Cm	96	151	96	96	247	2,8,18,32,25,9,2	1345°C	3110°C	G.T.Seaborg
097	Berkelium	Bk	97	150	97	97	247	2,8,18,32,27,8,2	986°C	2627°C	Stanley Thompson Albert Ghiorso Glenn Seaborg
098	Californium	Cf	98	153	98	98	251	2,8,18,32,28,8,2	900°C	1472°C	Stanley Thompson Kenneth Street Jr.Albert Ghiorso Glenn Seaborg
099	Einsteinium	Es	99	154	99	99	253	2,8,18,32,29,8,2	860°C	996°C	Discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952.
100	Fermium	Fm	100	158	100	100	258	2,8,18,32,30,8,2	1527°C	-°C	Albert Ghiorso

Load more (100-118)

101	Mendelevium	Md	101	157	101	101	258	2,818,32,31,8,2	827°C	-°C	G.T.Seaborg
102	Nobelium	No	102	157	102	102	259	2,8,18,32,32,8,2	827°C	-°C	Nobel institute for physics in 1957
103	Lawrencium	Lr	103	159	103	103	262	2,8,18,32,32,8,3	1627°C	-°C	Albert Ghiorso
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	104	157	104	104	261	2,8,18,32,32,10,2	2100°C	5500°C	Albert Ghiorso
105	Dubnium	Db	105	157	105	105	262	2,8,18,32,32,11,2	-°C	-°C	Albert Ghiorso
106	Seaborgium	Sg	106	163	106	106	269	2,8,18,32,32,12,2	156.61°C	2080°C	Albert Ghiorso
107	Bohrium	Bh	107	155	107	107	262	2,8,18,32,32,13,2	-°C	-°C	Peter ArmBruster Gottfried Munzengerg
108	Hassium	Hs	108	157	108	108	265	2,8,18,32,32,14,2	-°C	-°C	Peter Armbruster Gottfried Muizenberg
109	Meitnerium	Mt	109	157	109	109	266	2,8,18,32,32,15,2	303.5°C	1457°C	Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	110	159	110	110	269	2,8,18,32,32,16,2	-°C	-°C	Gesellschaft
111	Roentgenium	Rg	111	170	111	111	281	2,8,18,32,32,17,2	-°C	-°C	Peter Armbruster Gottfried Münzenberg
112	Copernicium	Cn	112	165	112	112	277	2,8,18,32,32,18,2	-°C	-°C	Sigurd Hofmann
113	Nihonium	Nh	113	173	113	113	286	2,8,18,32,32,18,2	430°C	1130°C	Riken
114	Flerovium	Fl	114	175	114	114	289	2,8,18,32,32,18,4	70°C	150°C	Sigurd Hofmann Joint instititu for Nuclear Research Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction
115	Moscovium	Mc	115	174	115	115	289	2,8,18,32,32,18,5	400°C	1100°C	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
116	Livermorium	Lv	116	177	116	116	293	2,8,18,32,32,18,6	364-507°C	687-862°C	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
117	Tennessine	Ts	117	117	117	117	234	2,8,18,32,32,18,7	350-550°C	610°C	Yuri Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
118	Oganesson	Og	118	176	118	118	294	2,8,18,32,32,18,8	-°C	-°C	Yuri Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

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