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Greek Alphabet

⏺. The Greek Alphabet has been used to write since late ninth or early eighth centuries. Earlier, the Greek alphabet was consist of only 22 letters. By the end of the fourth century, "Alpha" and "Omega" were added as new letters to the greek alphabet. So, today's greek alphabet is consist of 24 letters.

⏺. Its better to know the whole greek alphabet. Take a look at the following table.
It shows the capital and simple greek letters with it's english equivalent.

Greek name
of letter
Upper case
symbol
Lower case
symbol
English
equivalent
Pronunciation
Alpha
Α
α
A
"A" as in smart
Beta
Β
β
B
"V" as in very
Gamma
Γ
γ
G
between "Y" as in yes and "G"
as in go, But with no hard 'G'
sound - more of a soft 'H' followed
by the 'Y' sound in yes
Delta
Δ
δ
D
"TH" as in the
Epsilon
Ε
ε
E
"E" as in very
Zeta
Ζ
ζ
Z
"Z" as in zoo
Eta
Η
η
E
"Ee" as in bee
Theta
Θ
θ
Th
"Th" as in think
Iota
Ι
ι
I
"Ee" as in bee or "I" as in bitter or sit
Kappa
Κ
κ
K
"K" as in look
Lambda
Λ
λ
L
"L" as in log
Mu
Μ
μ
M
"M" as in man
Nu
Ν
ν
N
"N" as in not
Xi
Ξ
ξ
X
"X" as in box
Omicron
Ο
ο
O
"O" as in box
Pi
Π
π
P
"P" as in top, But softer and close to "B"
Rho
Ρ
ρ
R,Rh
a roller R
Sigma
Σ
σ
S
"S" as in sap with a hint of "SH" as in sugar
Tau
Τ
τ
T
"T" as in lot
Upsilon
Υ
υ
U
"U" as in unite
Phi
Φ
φ
Ph
"ph" as in photo
Chi
Χ
χ
Kh
"Ch" as in scottish 'loch' but softer-not a hard sound
Psi
Ψ
ψ
Ps
"Ps" as in upside
Omega
Ω
ω
M
Like omicron - "O" as in box - or longer "O" sound
like the vowel sound in oar

⏺. In our day-to-day life we use greek letters for different purposes. Mainly greek letters represent constants in mathematics and science.
Other than these sometimes greek letters are used as standard variables in mathematics. Some examples are mentioned below.


Greek letter Subject Representing Value/es
Letter Symbol
Alpha Α Mathematics Area
Coefficients
α Mathematics Angles
Science Angular acceleration
The brightest star in a constellation
Thermal diffusivity
Beta Β Mathematics Beta function
Angles
Gamma Γ Science Circulation in fluid dynamics
Reflection coefficient
Gamma function
Upper incomplete gamma function
γ Science Gamma rays
Specific weight of substances
Heat capacity ratio in thermodynamics
Mathematics Angles
Euler - Mascheroni constant
Delta Δ Mathematics A finite difference
A difference operator
A symmetric difference
The Laplace operator
The maximum degree of any vertex in a given graph
Science Giving heat in a chemical reaction
δ Mathematics Kronecker Delta function
The Feigenbaum constants
Dirac delta function
The minimum degree of any vertex in a given graph
Science Declination in astronomy
Stable isotope composition
Epsilon ε Mathematics The universal set symbol is based on ε
Science Computer Science - Empty strings
Electromagnetics - Dielectric permittivity
Emissivity
The Earth's axial tilt in astronomy
Electromotive force
Zeta ζ Mathematics damping ratio
Eta η Science Viscosity
Energy conversion efficiency
Efficiency
The learning rate in machine learning and statistics
Theta θ Mathematics A plane angle in geometry
Theta functions
Science The potencial temperature in thermodynamics
Kappa Κ Science The Kappa number, indicating lignin content in pulp
κ Mathematics The kappa curve, a two-dimensional algebraic curve
Curvature
Science Dielectric constant
Thermal conductivity
Electrical conductivity of a solution
Thermal diffusivity
The heat capacity ratio in thermodynamics
Lambda Λ Science The cosmological constant
A lattice
Molar conductivity in electrochemistry
λ Mathematics A formal system in mathematical logic
Science One wavelength of electromagnetic radiation
The decay constant in radioactivity
Linear density
Ecliptic longitude in astronomy
Thermal conductivity
Mu μ Science The coefficient of friction in physics
The dynamic viscosity in physics
Magnetic permeability in electromagnetics
Reduced mass
The ion mobility in plasma physics
Chemical potencial in thermodynamics
The standard gravitational parameter in celestial mechanics
Nu ν Science Frequency in physics in hertz
Poisson's ratio in material science
Kinematic viscosity of liquids
Pi Π Mathematics The product operation in mathematics
A plane
Science Osmotic pressure
π Mathematics Archimedes' constant, the ratio of a circle's circumference to it's diameter
The prime-counting function
Science A type of covalent bond in chemistry(Pi bond)
A pion in particle physics
Nucleotide diversity in molecular genetics
Rho ρ Science Density
Resistivity
Sigma Σ Mathematics The summation operator
The covariance matrix
σ Science A type of covalent bond in chemistry(Sigma bond)
Electrical conductivity
Area density
Nuclear cross section
Surface charge density for microparticles
Tau τ science Torque, the net rotational force in mechanics
Proper time in relavitity
In topology, a given topology
Phi Φ Science The work function in physics, the energy required by a proton to remove an electron from the surface of a metal
Geopotencial
Mathematics The cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution in statistics
The reciprocal of the golden ratio(1/Φ)
φ Mathematics The golden ratio(1:1.618...)
The argument of a complex number in mathematics
The value of a plane angle
The angle to the z-axis in spherical coordinates
Science The angle to the x-axis in the xy-plane in spherical or cylindrical coordinates
Radiant flux
Neutron flux
Electric potencial
Chi Χ Science Electronegetivity in the periodic table
Sometimes the mole fraction
The magnetic susceptibility of a material in physics
Psi Ψ Science Water potencial
A ssymbol for psychology
ψ Mathematics Polygamma function in mathematics
The supergolden ratio
Omega Ω Mathematics The Omega Constant(0.5671432904097838729999686622...)
A solid angle
Science The SI unit for electrical resistivity(Ohm)
The density parameter in cosmology
ω Mathematics In probability theory,a possible outcome of an experiment
Science The unsatturated fats nomenclature in biochemistry


⏺. Other than these there are lots of other uses of greek alphabet. Click on this to get more information about greek alphabet.